| Journal Name: | IRAETC The Medical Bulletin |
|---|---|
| Abbr. Title: | med. bull. |
| ISSN(Print): | xxxx-xxxx |
| ISSN(Online): | 2959-3115 |
| Frequency: | Bi-Monthly |
| Language: | English |
| Chief Editor: | DR RUTUJA D PUNDKAR MD, MBBS, MBA |
| Publisher: | IRAETC PUBLISHER |
| Country of Origin: | Bangladesh |
Alphonsus Ogbonna Ogbuabor
iraetc med. bull; 1(1) 1-2
https://doi.org/10.62469/tmb.v01i01.001
No Abstract
Tanzina Islam, Sharmin Aktar
iraetc med. bull; 1(1) 3-10
https://doi.org/10.62469/tmb.v01i01.002
Background: The study aimed to identify and explain the variety of ways midwives managed normal labour and to see if it was possible to identify midwife concepts associated with different stage management practices. At first, the focus was on labor-specific types of midwifery care. The mechanism by which midwives develop expertise in all stage management. Materials and Methods: A qualitative approach was a comparative method utilized to collect and analyze Study was performed. Fifty (N=50) Midwives in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, were interviewed from December 2020 to June 2021. with the practice midwives observed. Results: In this Study, normal labour management is needed together with an evaluation of the role of practice guidelines that attempt to standardize practice. Amount of time midwifery nurses spent with 80% yes and 20% no. they always being a midwifery nurse around if you needed one,80% yes and 20% no. Midwives' conduct delivered 88% yes and 12% no; how nurses listened to your worries and Concerns, 88% yes and 12%no. The midwives told the mother about immunization, 84% yes and 16% no. The number of information midwifery nurses gave to you About your condition and treatment,80% yes and 20% no. Midwifery Nurses' manner will deliver 92% yes, and 8% no. The way midwives explained to you about bear-down effort during the 2nd stage, 88% yes and 12% no. After delivery, the midwives give you uterine massage, 86% yes and 14% no. Decision-making in labor is a complicated process that is influenced by the learning opportunities available to midwives. Conclusion: In this Study, practice variation in all three-stage care was a reflection of the individuality of midwives and the way midwives chose to individualize the care of women. Priority was given to models of midwifery care during childbirth at the outset of this research; in normal labour management is needed, and an evaluation of the role of practice guidelines that attempt to standardize practice.
Dr. Md. Abdul Baset, Dr. Mohammad Motiur Rahman, Dr. Md. Abu Zahid Ph.D, Dr. Md. Imrul Islam, Dr, Anwarul Haque, Dr. Anindita Das Barshan, Tanzina Islam
iraetc med. bull; 1(1) 11-16
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SARS-CoV-2 has been classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Respiratory problems are the most common complaint among those who have COVID-19, in ventilated individuals suffering from severe respiratory distress. The prone posture has historically been utilized to enhance oxygenation and reduce barotrauma. To see what would happen as an actual outcome treatment in COVID, awake proning is being tested for its potential to delay invasive ventilation while improving oxygenation and patient outcomes. As a net consequence, we performed a retrospective case study on non-intubated COVID-19 patients to see if awake proning with oxygen treatment was beneficial. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from Nov 1 to Dec 31 2020. Our study included 75 patients (18 years or above) admitted with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection. Patients with hypoxemia (oxygen saturation <94%) or respiratory distress (≥30 breaths/min), or patients getting oxygen via Face Mask at 10L/min or Non-Rebreather Mask at 15L/mi were classified into the severe disease category. Patients were encouraged to continue different prone positions for 24 hours based on their comfort level and tolerance. Other COVID treatments were applied in accordance with the guidelines of the hospital. Results: The most common comorbid conditions were hypertension (78.61%), bronchial asthma (41.33%), and diabetes mellitus (40.00%). However, hypertension and more than one comorbidity (AOR -33.44, 95% CI 0.58 – 1912.87) are associated with increased mortality. The mean arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) on admission was greater than 80%. P/f ratio in supine position was 86.47 ± 1.33 mm Hg before pronation and improved to 95.45 ± 1.53 mm Hg after pronation (p = 0.001). From the first to the fourteenth day, there was a noticeable difference. The average length of time spent was 14 days. Conclusion: Positioning patients awake and prone improved SpO2 and the P/f ratio significantly in the COVID-19 individuals diagnosed with improved clinical symptoms and reduced intubation rates.
Sofikul Islam, Munzur Rahman, Ataul Haque, Mohammad Rajib Mahmud, Asadujjaman Azad, Mahfuzzaman, Abu Zahid Ph. D
iraetc med. bull; 1(1) 17-23
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Background: Many different methods have been proposed to treat recurrent satellite dislocation in adolescents, one of the most famous being Galeazzi's semitendinosus tenodesis, modified by Baker. This study aimed to assess the mid-term results of this technique and assess if the preoperative type of the patellofemoral connection influences the results and restore. The efficacy of patellofemoral congruency using static patellofemoral congruency and dynamic computational tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: Multicentered based, non-randomized quasiexperimental prospective study was performed in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, from January 2020 to December 2022. The research consisted of 14 patients with an average 11.6-year age Tanner stage B3 (16 knees), with at least 2-3 occurrences of patellar dislocation. The patients had surgery utilizing the Galeazzi method. Total 14 patients and static and dynamic CT were pre-operatively evaluated for at least 4 years. The clinical monitoring was carried out following Crosby and Insall criteria. Results: Clinical follow-up results were excellent at 62.5% and good at 37.5%. A high patella has been detected in 7 out of 16 knees in two groups: A, high Patella; B, not high Patella. The results collected with static CT indicate that all knees of the Patella are satisfactorily compatible. Data from dynamic CT revealed varied outcomes between group A and group B. With a quadriceps contraction, a high preoperative patella stays high and exhibits the tilt and subluxation shift again. In group B, the data acquired from dynamic CT is similar to the data obtained from static CT. Conclusions: This method provides excellent clinical outcomes in the mid-term. However, the dynamic CT indicated that semitendinosus tenodesis alone is insufficient to stabilize the Patella in those individuals with high Patella.
Md. Abu Rayhan, Jannatun Nesa, Sanzid Sadaf Sumaia, Nurunnahar Akter, Lieutenant Jabarun Begum, Muhammed Kamrul Islam Sumon
iraetc med. bull; 1(1) 24-28
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Introduction: A pressure ulcer is a localized injury to the skin and /or underlying tissue, usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear and or friction. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study assessed the knowledge and practice of pressure ulcer prevention among nurses in SOMCH. The study was conducted at M.A.G Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet from December to January 2017 by interviewing 100 nurses in SOMCH using a semi-structured questionnaire. Result: The study found nurses were B.Sc. in Nursing (15%), Diploma in Nursing (82%), and Masters (3%). From this result, it was found that 27% of nurses defined pressure ulcers correctly and knew the simple signs & symptoms of pressure ulcers, 76% average, 13% good, 9% Poor & 2% had No idea knowledge. The result of the study shows that the practice on prevention of pressure ulcers in the ward was 55% Poor, 25% Average and 20% Good. The overall result of the study indicates that the knowledge of pressure ulcers among nurses was average, and the practice was poor. Conclusion: Educational health programs and training of nurses about applicable prevention and assessments of pressure ulcers and other dangerous complications should be promoted to ensure better transfer practice. After completing the study, finding out the level of knowledge and practice, recommend the authority arrange an educational program to improve nurses' knowledge about pressure ulcer.
Sofikul Islam, Munzur Rahman1, Ataul Haque, Mohammad Rajib Mahmud, Asadujjaman Azad, Mahfuzzaman, Abu Zahid
iraetc med. bull; 1(2) 29-34
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Background: Humerus fractures are a common orthopaedic injury that can lead to significant morbidity and disability if not managed appropriately. In low-resource settings like secondary-level hospitals in Bangladesh, surgical interventions may not always be feasible due to limited resources and infrastructure. Therefore, the exploration of conservative management approaches becomes crucial to ensure optimal patient outcomes. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the outcomes of conservative management in humerus fractures at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative treatment methods and their impact on pain reduction, functional improvement, and overall patient satisfaction. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 74 cases of humerus fractures treated conservatively at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College Rajshahi, Bangladesh. From October 2022 to June 2023. morphologically as simple (28), intermediate (17), and complex (29) based on the Garnavos classification. Outcome measures included pain levels, range of motion, radiographic assessments, and patient-reported satisfaction scores. Results: A total of 74 patients (60 males and 14 females) underwent extension casting treatment for humeral fractures. The patient's age ranged from 19 to 70 years (mean age: 45.5 years). The majority of patients (58) received treatment on the day of the injury, while 16 experienced delayed treatment. The fractures were classified topographically as P (13), M (25), D (17), PM (10), and MD (9). The average duration of full-length casting was 5 weeks, with conversion to above-elbow casts when necessary. All fractures showed union within 8 to 18 weeks, with an average union time of 10 weeks. Radiographic assessments showed satisfactory fracture healing in 90% of patients. Patient satisfaction scores indicated a high level of contentment with conservative treatment. Conclusion: This study highlights the efficacy and feasibility of conservative management in the treatment of humerus fractures. The findings suggest that conservative approaches can be a viable and effective alternative in resource-constrained healthcare settings, providing satisfactory pain relief, functional improvement, and patient satisfaction.
Sarvesh Sharma, Himesh Soni
iraetc med. bull; 1(2) 35-46
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A novel Corona Virus infection (COVID-19) is alike to viral pneumonia and it is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this short review we discuss here common features of highly contagious and pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 provide current information of molecular immune pathogenesis, diagnosis and solidarity treatment of COVID-19 on the base of present perceptive of SARS-CoV infectivity, which may be useful to control and to combat pandemic situation.The pressure COVID-19 puts on health systems means that WHO considered the need for speed and scale in the trial. Whereas randomized clinical trials usually take years to design and conduct, the Solidarity Trial will reduce the time taken by 80%. Enrolling patients in one solitary randomized trial will help facilitate the rapid worldwide comparison of unproven treatments. This will conquer the hazard of multiple small trials not generating the strong evidence needed to determine the relative effectiveness of potential treatments.
Dr. Md. Selim Morshed Suvo, Dr. Shahidul Islam, Dr. Zohurul Haque, Dr Anowar Hossain, Dr. Mahmood Hasan, Dr. Narayan Chwdhury
iraetc med. bull; 1(2) 47-51
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The exstrophy-epispadias complex (EEC) presents with diverse clinical manifestations, affecting various bodily systems, including the urinary tract, pelvis, abdominal wall, genitalia, and spine. The prevalence is approximately 1 in 10,000 births, with a higher occurrence in males. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of surgical repair for EEC. The observational study analyzed medical records from the Department of Urology at Rangpur Medical College Hospital, a tertiary level facility in Bangladesh, covering the period from June 2018 to January 2021. Eight EEC cases were managed during this four-year duration. Following careful evaluation and pre-anaesthetic assessments, all patients underwent surgical reconstruction of the urinary bladder and urethra. In suspicious cases, biopsies from the bladder wall were taken. The results showed that all patients successfully underwent reconstruction procedures. Biopsies were obtained in three patients due to suspected abnormalities. One patient with bladder exstrophy experienced disruption of the anterior abdominal wall, requiring later secondary closure. Three patients developed urethra cutaneous fistula, which were subsequently managed through closure procedures. The average follow-up period was 2 years, but one patient was lost to follow-up. The suggested modified surgical approach demonstrated favorable outcomes, leading to substantial improvements in patients' social and psychological well-being. Despite the rarity of EEC, the surgical repair proved to be effective in addressing the complexities associated with the condition.
Majedul Hoque
iraetc med. bull; 1(3) 52-56
xxxx
The idea of people-centered care is developing with more study, and it is still crucial to the health environment. Professional nurses use this notion poorly, despite evidence of major benefits being claimed. Primary healthcare settings have not seen the demonstration and adoption of this concept. Patient safety is a major public health concern. Patient safety is a global health concern that affects citizens of both industrialized and developing nations. Given the importance of patient safety in relation to the efficiency of care and patient outcomes, it is imperative to have a range of nursing practices, including management, teaching, and clinics. The importance of nurses in providing PCC (people-centered care) and monitoring patients' knowledge and comprehension is rising. In settings involving basic healthcare, nurses are crucial in comprehending a patient's culture about effective and high-quality medical care. The article concluded that further efforts are required to enhance patient safety and PCC. This entails reducing the quantity of errors, falls, hospital infections, and surgical complications in addition to enhancing other safety aspects to make all hospitals safer.
El-Ouardi Khalid, Mouslim Othmane, Lakmichi Mohamed Amine, Dahami Zakaria, Moudouni Mohammed Said, Sarf Ismail
iraetc med. bull; 1(3) 57-61
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Purpose: the aim of our study is to assess the characteristics of perinephric hematoma and other prognostic factors of surgical intervention for high grade renal trauma independent of AAST OIS (American association for the surgery for trauma organ injury scale). Materials and methods: A total of 119 patients with high grade renal trauma from January 2005 to September 2021 were identified for analysis. Hospital records and diagnostic imaging were reviewed to identify the need for surgical intervention, including total and partial nephrectomy. Factors examined include patient age, gender, ISS (Injury severity score), AAST-OIS, laceration location, length and number, perinephric hematoma characteristics, intravascular contrast extravasation and devitalised segment status. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were performed as appropriate. Results: Mean patient age was 31, 39 and mean ISS was 22, 80. A total of 24 surgical intervention were required (20%)including partial and total nephrectomy.On univariate analysis, hypotension on admission, hematoma diameter, degree of devitalised fragment superior of 25% and AAST OIS grade were associated with the need of surgical intervention.On multivariate analysis, only hypotension on admission (OR:0,296, 95% CI 0,099-0,885, p: 0,029), hematoma diameter greater than 3,5 cm ( OR:0,253, 95% CI 0,070-0,815, p:0,021) and AAST-OIS grade ( OR: 0,256, 95% CI 0,09-0,72, p: 0,010 ) remained independently associated with surgical intervention. Conclusions: Perinephric hematoma size remains among prognostic factors for surgical intervention that allow better stratification of renal lesions and its study allows a better management of high-grade renal trauma.
Laith H. A. Alharasees, Mohammad M. J. Aladwan, Alaa I. S. Athamneh, Moath R. S. Alzboon, Moath H. A. Hayajneh
iraetc med. bull; 1(3) 62-66
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Lipomas are slow-increasing benign soft-tissue tumors, commonly without clinical features. Lipomas are recorded in 1-2% of the population and make up almost half of the soft tissue tumors. Intramuscular lipomas account for 0% - 50% of all adipose tissue tumors. A huge lipoma is defined if it is more than 10 cm in length or weighs more than 1 kg. Lipomas are found in the head and neck area in 13%. Huge lipomas are rare and benign of painless neck masses. Operative excision assures the confirmation of lipomatous tumor and results in full resolution of neurological clinical features.
Ali Haidar, Hatim Essaber, Asaad El Bakkari, Soukaina Allioui, Hounayda Jerguigue, Youssef Omor, Rachida Latib
iraetc med. bull; 2(1) 1-3
DOI
Breast cancer in men is a rare pathology. Among all breast cancers, less than 1 percent affect men. It is often unsuspected in men who generally hesitate to seek medical attention, which delays diagnosis and treatment. It generally presents the same risk factors and therapeutic modalities as in women, but still has some clinical and radiological particularities. In this study, we describe the typical radiological appearance of breast cancer in men, as visualized through our case from the department, to identify the radiological particularities of male breast cancer, thus facilitate early diagnosis and knowledge of differential diagnoses to avoid unnecessary biopsies. The ultrasound-mammography combination is the gold standard, followed by a biopsy for histological confirmation. The tumor is often retro-areolar, and any excentric location is suspicious of malignancy. Mammography rarely shows microcalcifications, unlike in women. Ultrasound allows for a positive diagnosis by guiding the biopsy, evaluating extension to the pectoral muscle, and establishing differential diagnoses. MRI is not indicated in male subjects. Invasive ductal carcinoma constitutes the majority of cases. The Treatment consists of a mastectomy in combination with other therapeutic modalities such as hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Conservative treatment has no place in men. The prognosis is bleaker than in women due to diagnostic delay caused by neglect and lack of understanding of the disease by men.
Majedul Hoque
iraetc med. bull; 2(1) 4-6
DOI
Rezafungin is a novel long-acting echinocandin licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of invasive candidiasis and candidaemia. A novel inhibitor of -glucan synthase, rezafungin possesses a chemical relationship with anidulafungin. It is regarded as the original echinocandin molecule of the current generation. With improved tissue penetration, better pharmacokinetic, phamacodynamic (PK/PD) pharmaco-metrics, and an excellent safety profile, it offers a number of advantages over the FDA-approved echinocandins. Hypokalemia, pyrexia, diarrhea, anemia, vomiting, nausea, hypomagnesemia, stomach pain, constipation, and hypophosphatemia are the most frequent side events of this medicine (incidence 5%). Because of its remarkable half-life, rezafungin is a promising new addition to the antifungal toolbox that may be used as prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients and early hospital discharge for stable patients. This study provides a brief description of the mechanism of action, target, side effect, and metabolism data on rezafungin.
Iftear Kazim Rafi, Md Nasir Uddin
iraetc med. bull; 2(1) 7-11
DOI:
The chemical components found in herbal treatments are referred to as phytochemicals, and they may be classified into several groups such as alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins, and flavonoids. Herbal remedies may be used to cure a wide range of conditions and disorders, such as gastrointestinal issues, skin infections, arthritis, migraines, and fatigue, since these phytochemicals are present in them. Compared to conventional medications, herbal medicines are less costly and have less significant side effects. The laws governing herbal medications differ per nation at the moment. This makes it impossible for manufacturers of herbal medicines to provide a standard product for the worldwide market. Therefore, international regulatory bodies and organizations such as the WHO should work together to develop a unified and consistent policy for herbal medicines. In light of the growing need for plant medicines, this study focuses on the significance, advantages, drawbacks, and clinical applications of contemporary herbal drugs.
Sabbir Hossain
iraetc med. bull; 2(1) 12-15
DOI:
Worldwide, the use of herbal medications is becoming more common, particularly among women who are pregnant. According to research done up until December 2012, the prevalence of using herbal medicines during pregnancy ranged from 22.3% to 82.3%, suggesting a growing trend in this regard. The herbs peppermint, ginger, thyme, chamomile, sage, anise, fenugreek, and green tea were most frequently utilized. The most popular uses were for treating symptoms of the flu and gastrointestinal ailments. An overview of the field of herbal medicine is given in this review, along with information on its rules, difficulties, and general safety.
Iftear Kazim Rafi
iraetc med. bull; 2(1) 16-20
https://doi.org/10.62469/tmb.v02i01.005
One of the most common mental conditions and a major contributor to disability is anxiety disorders. While a great deal of research is still being done on depression, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there aren't many new drugs being studied for anxiety disorders. Anxiety is an extreme fear-based biological warning system that gets us ready to take action. It has to be distinguished from the typical terror reaction. Among the most prevalent mental illnesses among children and teenagers, anxiety disorders frequently go undiagnosed or untreated. A variety of characteristics, such as race, sex, the kind of anxiety, and the quality of epidemiological research influences a community's anxiety prevalence. Treatments such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, medication augmentation, and novel pharmaceutical agents like vortioxetine showed mixed results when used to individuals with anxiety disorders who did not respond well to conventional therapies or only partially responded to it. The public should only be offered new anxiety disorder treatment alternatives following a careful assessment of their effectiveness. Integrative teamwork and the management of anxiety disorders in need include cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based psychotherapies, psychodynamic psychotherapies, and psychopharmacologic treatments.
Mohammad Sabbir Hossain, Arafath Jubayer, Md. Nipatul Hasan Nirob, Md. Sazidul Islam
iraetc med. bull; 2(1) 21-25
https://doi.org/10.62469/tmb.v02i01.006
Consumers' health is impacted by nutraceuticals in a variety of ways biochemically. Beyond their basic nutritional roles, nutraceuticals offer additional advantages. Identifying nutritional deficiencies from other physiological effects, like lowered disease risk, is crucial. Herbal supplements, refined foods, genetically modified foods, and dietary supplements are examples of nutraceuticals. A nutritional supplement survey was conducted in a few areas of the Narsingdi district. In total 210 men and women were enlisted, and the majority of them underwent methodical in-person interviews. This study's main objective was to determine how much knowledge and usage of nutritional supplements there was among people living in rural and urban areas. All findings are presented and clarified in result and discussion section. In summary, this study broadens the current understanding of the pattern of nutraceutical use among Bangladeshi urban and rural populations.
Rehnuma Jafreen, Nafisa Tabassum, Maria Siddika Mim
iraetc med. bull; 2(2) 26-31
https://doi.org/10.62469/tmb.v02i02.001
Adverse drug reactions, also known as medication-related adverse events, are harmful occurrences caused on by medication. ADRs may increase the pressure on the healthcare system and have a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life. With the increasing complexity of medications used to treat a wide range of diseases in an aging society, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality on a global scale and will remain a major public health concern. ADRs are largely determined by a variety of factors, some of which are social, pharmacological, or patient-related. For example, age plays a significant role in the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs); patients in the highest age groups are more susceptible to these reactions than those in lower age groups. The impact of specific factors on adverse drug reaction (ADR) occurrence, the pharmacovigilance process, and reporting were covered in this study. Medical literature has extensive documentation of these factors' impacted on adverse drug reactions. During medical evaluation, medical professionals can select the most effective medication regimen by taking these factors into account.
Iftear Kazim Rafi, Shariful Islam Tannu, Tanzim Amin Borhan
iraetc med. bull; 2(2) 32-39
https://doi.org/10.62469/tmb.v02i02.002
Background: One of the most important organoleptic characteristics that influences consumers' acceptance and choice of food is color. However, food coloring pigments are typically unstable and change during processing, so food products all over the world contain colorants to preserve or restore product’s color uniformity. This research study was conducted to find out the percentage of consumption of adulterated or substandard food color by general public particularly young school children. Methods: Qualitatively using a UV-visible Spectrophotometer (PharmaSpec UV-1700 Series, Shimadzu Corporation) utilizing Pearson's Composition & Analysis of Foods (1989) and the AOAC (2000) method. By making a neutral dye solution at a concentration appropriate for spectrophotometric analysis (0.001-0.01%), the colors' purity was tested. In total 68 food samples and 11 beverage samples of various foods and drinks were gathered from several educational institutions, the neighborhood market, and stores situated in various parts of Kishoreganj district, Bangladesh. This study was carried out from 12 August to 21 October 2023. Results: The majority of branded food items contained permitted colors however most of the foods manufactured locally, contained non-permitted colors. The use of prohibited food coloring was more common among local food producers. Conclusion: To make sure that the local manufacturers are adhering to the laws governing food colors, both with regard to the prohibited and restricted food colors, constant monitoring is required. Furthermore, educating the public about the harmful effects of food coloring can help reduce the consumption of colored food items.