Enigmatic Nipah: Understanding the Threat and Insight into a Lethal Pathogen

The zoonotic paramyxovirus known as Nipah virus (NiV) belongs to the Henipavirus genus and was initially discovered in Malaysia in 1998. Nipa viruses have been isolated from fruit bats found in Oceania, Asia, and Africa, and they have bat reservoir hosts. Although there have been reports of other intermediary hosts, bat-to-human transmission is believed to be the main way that virus infection spreads to humans. Encephalitis is a recognized side effect, and severe respiratory distress can be deadly. The virus arises and spreads due to a number of circumstances. Numerous tactics have been developed to address and improve awareness and monitoring throughout the affected area, with a focus on personal cleanliness. This study covers the current Nipah virus epidemics, their modes of transmission, the preventive and control measures put in place, and any potential causes.