Editor in Chief
Nursing, Education, Patient Safety, Professional Development, Healthcare Learning and Development Manager, Al Khafji National Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Associate Editiorial Board
Jr Consultant, Department of Obst. & Gynae, Chapainawabganj 250 bed District Hospital, Chapainawabganj, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Associate Editiorial Board
Assistant professor in Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Vision Medical Colleges, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Associate Editiorial Board
Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, ICU & Pain Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Associate Editiorial Board
Dept. of Environmental Health, Hasanuddin University, Mulawarman, Tarakan City, Indonesia
Associate Editiorial Board
Principal, Banalata Nursing and Midwifery Institute, Rajshahi and Ex. Deputy Nursing Superintendent, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Associate Editiorial Board
Dept. of Nursing and Occupational Health, Health Science Institute of Strada Indonesia, Jl. Manila No.37, Tosaren, Kec. Pesantren, Kota Kediri, Jawa Timur 64123, Indonesia
Associate Editiorial Board
Nursing Instructor, Rajshahi Nursing College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Associate Editiorial Board
Dept. of Nursing- Medical Surgical, Kichakkekollarachikathu, Karikkal, Karimpinpuzha (P.O) Kollam Dist.) Kerala, India 691507
Associate Editiorial Board
Department of Infection Prevention and Control Unit (IPC), Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Associate Editiorial Board
Jr. Consultant, Department of Surgery, Paba Upazila Health Complex, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Munzur Rahman, Sofikul Islam, Ataul Haque, Mohammad Rajib Mahmud, Asadujjaman Azad, Mahfuzzaman, Abu Zahid Ph. D
iraetc j. nur. health care; 1(1) 1-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v01i01.001
Background: Total Hip replacement is the standard therapy for hip ankylosis, which produces reduced hip mobility. This research aimed to use the Harris Hip Score (HHS) to analyze clinical findings and results of treatments for hip ankylosis. Methods: A multicentered-based, non-randomized quasiexperimental prospective study was performed in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, from January 2018 to December 2022.A total number of patients (N=77) with ankylosis in one or both hip joints, Electromyogram, and nerve conduction studies were taken from the hip abductor muscles before surgery, and HHS was calculated. Type of surgery and prosthesis, osteotomy required for the neck and trochanteric region of the femur, periprosthetic fracture, and the need to restore the acetabulum were studied in the patients. Postoperative complications such as infection and dislocation at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery were examined, and then the HHS was calculated. Results: At the end of 04 years after surgery, the functional results were analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Seventy-seven patients (42 m/35 f) with a mean age of 36.71±11.78 years underwent total hip arthroplasty. Hip joint ankylosis was most commonly brought on by osteoarthritis of old age (20 cases) and avascular necrosis (13 cases). Twelve individuals had high conduction on electromyograms, while 65 patients had low conduction on nerve conduction examinations. We used the posterior approach in 55 patients (71.4%) and the lateral approach in 22 patients (28.6%). The periprosthetic fracture occurred in two patients, and 12 patients needed acetabular reconstruction. The standard prosthesis was used in 83.1% of patients. Nine patients were excluded after six months, and two patients were excluded after 12 months due to surgery complications. At the early stage, patients' HHS averaged 48.53±6.28; after 12 months, it had improved to 88.22±3.78 (P<0.001). Conclusions: Patients with ankylosed hips may benefit from total hip replacement, particularly in long-term follow-up. The absence of pre-and postoperative complications is necessary for evaluating successful outcomes.
Ahmed Masiha Jamil, Dr. Rahnuma Shirin
iraetc j. nur. health care; 1(1) 8-12
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v01i01.002
Background: The prevalence of hyperuricemia (HU), which has been associated to the emergence of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, the metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus (DM), is on the rise. Serum uric acid (SUA) elevations have been linked to an increased risk of hypertension and diabetes in many nations. However, this association has not been established in the Asia region. Objective: The aim of this study is interested in the frequency of HU and the connection between Hyperuricemia with diabetes patient. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine Rajshahi medical college, Rajshahi. Three hundred-five patients with a recent diagnosis of diabetes were enrolled (212 men and 93 women). Following American Heart Association guidelines, all patients were classified as having normal or high blood pressure (140/90). Results: The average SUA level was 5.14± 0.073 mg/dl, with males having considerably greater levels than females (P<0.000). The patients' mean age, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 46.76 ±0.61 years, 130.6±1.06 mmHg and 84.11±0.63 mmHg, respectively. The overall prevalence of HU and hypertension was 12.13% and 44.59%, respectively. There was an increase in the prevalence of hypertension across the SUA tertile. SBP and DBP significantly increased across the SUA tertile (P<0.014 and <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: In Asia, this is the first study to investigate at the relationship between SUA and hypertension in diabetic people. Therefore, in newly diagnosed hypertensive diabetic patients, it is recommended to test SUA routinely to prevent HU and its related consequences.
Dr. Rahnuma Shirin, Ahmed Masiha Jamil
iraetc j. nur. health care; 1(1) 13-18
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v01i01.003
This descriptive study focused on low-birth-weight (LBW) newborns' hospitalization during their first three days of life, with the aim of investigating common complications in these infants. The study was conducted at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, encompassing the period from July 2019 to June 2021. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants, and data were collected using a pre-designed proforma and analyzed using SPSS 26. Out of 1511 deliveries at the hospital, 565 newborns were identified as LBW, resulting in a prevalence of 37.4%. Among the LBW babies, 55.8% were male and 44.2% were female. During their initial hospitalization, 41.9% (237 out of 565) of LBW newborns experienced various immediate problems, either alone or in combination. The most prevalent complications among these admitted LBW newborns were jaundice (40.1%), birth asphyxia (25.7%), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (21.1%), hypothermia (19.8%), hypoglycemia (19.0%), congenital malformations (6.3%), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (5.1%), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (4.2%). The study highlighted that major complications faced by these LBW infants were jaundice, birth asphyxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, RDS, and sepsis. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the health challenges faced by LBW newborns during their initial hospitalization, and they emphasize the importance of early detection and management of these complications to improve outcomes for these vulnerable infants.
Nasrin Sultana, A.H.M. Solaiman Ali
iraetc j. nur. health care; 1(1) 19-24
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v01i01.004
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is a critical aspect of infant care, promoting optimal health and development. Nurses play a crucial role in educating and supporting mothers in this practice. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of nurses regarding exclusive breastfeeding in the pediatric ward at Rangpur Medical College Hospital. Objectives: The study aimed to explore the level of knowledge among nurses regarding exclusive breastfeeding, including their understanding of its benefits, the timing and intervals of breastfeeding, and the prevention of associated complications. Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlational design was employed to collect data from a sample of 50 nurses working in the pediatric ward of Rangpur Medical College Hospital. A total of 50 nurses working in the hospital were included in the study. The researchers developed a questionnaire comprising two sections: a demographic questionnaire and a nurse's knowledge questionnaire on exclusive breastfeeding. Results: Fifty nurses were selected for the study, with age distribution as follows: 18% aged 21-30 years, 62% aged 31-40 years, and 20% aged 41-50 years. The nurses had varying lengths of service, with 62% serving for 1-10 years. Only 30% of nurses had received specialized training on breastfeeding the majority (84%) held a diploma in midwifery, while 14% had a B. Sc in Nursing, and 2% had an MPH/MSc. Regarding specialization in breastfeeding, 30% of nurses had completed a training course, while 70% had not. The results indicated that 38% of nurses had received complete exclusive breastfeeding training, and 62% had not. Conclusion: The study identified knowledge gaps among nurses regarding exclusive breastfeeding, emphasizing the need for comprehensive training to enhance their understanding of specific aspects. This will enable nurses to provide effective support and education to mothers in the pediatric ward.
Md. Abu Rayhan, Jannatun Nesa, Tanzina Islam
iraetc j. nur. health care; 1(1) 25-30
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v01i01.005
Introduction: Pressure ulcers are localized cellular damages to the skin and underlying tissues caused by pressure, shear and frictional forces that typically prolong disease, delay restoration, may lead to infirmity and even death. The purpose of this study was to assess the nurse’s knowledge and practices with their perceived barrier regarding pressure ulcer prevention at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The present study employed a cross-sectional descriptive observational design with a sample size of 100 participants, who were purposively selected. Data collection involved the use of a pre-tested, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. Subsequently, the gathered data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 22.0. Results: The observational study with 100 participants revealed that 61.0% of nurses had poor knowledge, 30.0% had good knowledge, and 9.0% had fair knowledge concerning pressure ulcer prevention. Regarding practice, 80.0
Molly Kundu, Momtaz Banu, Tanzina Islam, Sima Khatun, Nasrin Khatun, Anjuman Ara
iraetc j. nur. health care; 1(1) 31-35
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v01i01.006
Background: This study evaluates nurses' comprehension of spore-bearing bacteria sterilization in operation theaters at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Ensuring sterility is vital for patient safety. Identifying knowledge gaps, the research aims to enhance nurses' infection prevention awareness, contributing to improved healthcare standards. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed to investigate nurses' knowledge about operation theater sterilization. Data was collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic and knowledge-related sections. The study was conducted from November 2014 to April 2015, fifty nurses were selected as participants, distributed across different age groups. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of participating nurses demonstrated a strong understanding of sterilization practices in the operation theater. Notably, 96% of respondents correctly answered questions related to spore-bearing bacteria and the sterilization process. Additionally, 100% of participants understood the importance of maintaining proper sterility before all operating procedures. The principles of autoclaving were comprehended by 96% of respondents, and 96% were knowledgeable about preparing trolleys to maintain aseptic techniques. The concept of sterilization was well-defined, with 100% understanding its significance, while only 40
Sima Khatun, Rowshon Ara Khatun, Tanzina Islam, Anjuman Ara, Nasrin Khatun, Molly Kundu
iraetc j. nur. health care; 1(2) 36-40
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v01i02.001
Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) poses significant health risks to pregnant women and their offspring. Nurses play a pivotal role in educating and supporting patients with GDM. This study explores the extent of nurses' knowledge about the control and management of GDM at Rajshahi Diabetic Association General Hospital (RDAGH), Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed to assess nurses' knowledge. Data was collected from November 2014 to April 2015 through direct questionnaires administered to 50 staff nurses. Participants' mean ages 37.3 years were distributed. Educational and professional qualifications were also recorded. Results: The results indicated that nurses exhibited varying levels of knowledge regarding GDM control and management. Nurses demonstrated strong awareness (98%) of gestational diabetes during pregnancy, yet misunderstandings arose about postpartum onset (34%). While excessive weight gain (100%) and sugar intake (96%) were recognized as contributors to high glucose levels, unfamiliar terms like "balanced glucose tolerance" scored lower (40%). Effective education can address these gaps for improved patient care. Conclusion: This study underscores both the proficient understanding and the knowledge gaps among nurses regarding GDM management. Although respondents exhibited commendable knowledge in key domains, misconceptions suggest the need for targeted educational interventions. Enhancing nurses' comprehension of GDM will empower them to provide more accurate guidance to patients, thereby improving patient care and outcomes.
Nasrin Khatun, Rowshon Ara Khatun, Tanzina Islam, Sima Khatun, Molly Kundu, Romjan Shorif
iraetc j. nur. health care; 1(2) 41-47
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v01i02.002
Background: Infection control is a critical aspect of healthcare, ensuring patient safety and reducing the spread of nosocomial infections. Adequate knowledge among healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, is essential for effective infection prevention and control. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess of the knowledge among 50 nurses at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital regarding infection control and prevention. Methods: A purposive sample of 50 nurses at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, was selected. Data collection involved a two-part questionnaire: one for demographics and the other for assessing infection control knowledge. Content validity was established through consultations with a guide teacher. The assessment occurred between November 2014 and April 2015. Results: The demographic data revealed that the majority of participants were between 41 and 50 years old (56%), female (92%), and had completed their education Diploma in Nursing 37 (74%), B.Sc in Nursing 10 (20%), MPH/M.Sc 3 (6%). The knowledge assessment revealed that: 96% of respondents correctly identified infection as microbial multiplication within host tissues. 76% recognized nosocomial infection as infections acquired in the hospital. 90% identified excessive visitors on the ward as a factor leading to infection. 90
Khairul Islam
iraetc j. nur. health care; 1(2) 48-52
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v01i02.003
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) remain a significant public health concern worldwide. Adequate knowledge among healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, is vital for effective prevention and control. This study assesses the knowledge of nurses regarding the mode of transmission and prevention of STDs at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, a tertiary-level teaching hospital in Bangladesh. Objective: Aims to assess their awareness of STD types, transmission modes, risk factors, and preventive measures. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital over a six-month period from January to June 2015. The research involved a diverse group of nurses with varying ages, qualifications, and years of service. Data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses. Results: The findings indicate a high level of awareness among nurses regarding STDs. All respondents were aware of the concept of occupational hazards, the various types of STDs, their modes of transmission, and associated risk factors. Notably, 100% of respondents had knowledge of HIV/AIDS, while 92% were informed about Hepatitis B&C. However, awareness levels varied for other diseases, with 24% for Tuberculosis, 36% for Meningitis, and 12% for Malaria. The predominant mode of transmission recognized was sexual activities (100%), followed by cuts from surgical instruments (80%). Other modes of transmission, such as through bed making, wearing cloth, and masturbation, were considered negligible. Conclusion: This knowledge is crucial in their role as registered nurse with healthcare providers, although continuous education and updates are essential to ensure ongoing effectiveness in STD prevention and management.
Anjuman Ara, Momtaj Mohal, Romjan Shorif, Sima Khatun, Tanzina Islam, Molly Kundu, Nasrin Khatun
iraetc j. nur. health care; 1(2) 53-58
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v01i02.004
Background: Effective management of cerebral hemorrhage patients is critical for improving their outcomes. Nurses play a vital role in patient care, and their knowledge of cerebral hemorrhage management is essential for providing quality healthcare. Objective: This study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge regarding managing cerebral hemorrhage patients at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH) in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted over six months, from November 2014 to April 2015, at RMCH. Data were collected from N=50 staff nurses working in various wards. Demographic information, including age, gender, marital status, religion, educational qualification, professional qualification, and length of service, was gathered. A direct questionnaire was administered to assess nurses' knowledge of cerebral hemorrhage management, with responses categorized as yes/no, complete knowledge, partial knowledge, or don't know. Results: The study revealed that most nurses at RMCH were female (88%) and aged over 40 years (60%). Furthermore, 98% of the respondents were married. Educational qualifications varied, with over 60% holding, and 74% having a Diploma in Nursing;18% had B.Sc. in Nursing and 8% had M. Sc in Nursing. Length of service of the respondents were maximum (42%) in between 21-25 years and only 4% were in between 1-5 years. In terms of knowledge, 83.56% of the nurses responded positively (yes) to questions about cerebral hemorrhage management. Among them, 53.75% had complete knowledge, 33.50% had partial knowledge, and 12.75
Kannadasan Karuppaiah, Ezhilvanan Mani, Vinoth Raman
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(1) 1-6
DOI:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a potentially life-long condition that can result from kidney cancer or reduced kidney function. However, it is possible to slow or stop the progression of this disease before it reaches a critical stage where dialysis or surgery is the only option to save the patient's life. Timely diagnosis and proper treatment can significantly increase the chances of success. This paper introduces the shock model approach, which is utilized to assess the effectiveness of treatment for CKD patients in achieving the threshold level. The model is accompanied by graphical illustrations for ease of use.
Md. Abdur Rahim, Orapan Thosingha, Wimolrat Puwarawuttipanit
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(1) 7-13
DOI:
Diabetic foot ulcers have emerged as a global health concern in recent decades, leading to severe complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to review and summarize the current evidence-based guidelines for foot care in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Using the PICO framework, a systematic review was conducted, sourcing guidelines from various English databases and the Mahidol University library system. Databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, were searched for guidelines published from 2004 to 2014. A total of 33 guidelines were retrieved, with 12 deemed relevant to the study's objectives. These included four international guidelines, seven national guidelines, and one consensus statement. The AGREE II instrument was employed to appraise all selected guidelines. Guideline synthesis revealed five key activities for effective foot care in type 2 diabetes patients: 1) foot assessment, encompassing inspection and examination of the feet; 2) risk assessment and classification into different categories; 3) provision of information to patients and their families regarding foot care, appropriate footwear, and nail care; 4) guidance on blood glucose control; and 5) the referral of at-risk patients to multidisciplinary healthcare teams, particularly in cases of potential serious wound infection and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). This study underscores the importance of utilizing these evidence-based recommendations to develop foot care guidelines tailored to clinical settings in Bangladesh. Strategies for effective guideline implementation should be a priority, with a strong emphasis on distributing these guidelines among healthcare personnel, including nurses, to enhance the quality of care provided to type 2 diabetes patients.
Sabbir Hossain
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(1) 14-16
DOI:
Background: Self-medication practice (SMP) is the practice of taking medication without a doctor's prescription. The main issues with self-medication have been drug resistance, adverse drug reactions, resource waste, and major health risks, including fatalities. This study's primary goal was to determine how common self-medication is among Bangladeshi students and what factors are linked to it. Methods: A semi-interviewed study was conducted among 67 students in City University, Savar, Bangladesh, from April 20 to May 10, 2023. Purposive sampling was used in conjunction with a questionnaire to conduct this study. Results: A greater proportion of students—53, or 79.10 percent—self-medicated than those who chose not to seek therapy for their personal issues. The majority of students—35.82%—use tolfenamic acid as a self-medication for headaches or depression, whereas the smallest percentage—8.95%—use fluoxetine for anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Complying with this study, numerous studies also indicated that, most of the students practice self-medication. Increasing community knowledge of drug adverse effects and coordinating efforts across individuals, groups, healthcare facilities, and regulatory agencies are crucial.
Shuvo Nath Saha, Taharat Akram, Md. Ferdous Hossain
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(1) 17-21
DOI:
The zoonotic paramyxovirus known as Nipah virus (NiV) belongs to the Henipavirus genus and was initially discovered in Malaysia in 1998. Nipa viruses have been isolated from fruit bats found in Oceania, Asia, and Africa, and they have bat reservoir hosts. Although there have been reports of other intermediary hosts, bat-to-human transmission is believed to be the main way that virus infection spreads to humans. Encephalitis is a recognized side effect, and severe respiratory distress can be deadly. The virus arises and spreads due to a number of circumstances. Numerous tactics have been developed to address and improve awareness and monitoring throughout the affected area, with a focus on personal cleanliness. This study covers the current Nipah virus epidemics, their modes of transmission, the preventive and control measures put in place, and any potential causes.
Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Wimolrat Puwarawuttipanit, Orapan Thosingha
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(1) 22-28
https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v02i01.005
Asthma remains a significant public health concern, necessitating effective management strategies to mitigate its impact on patient health and well-being. Using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework, a systematic review was conducted, sourcing guidelines from various English databases and the Mahidol University library system. Databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, were searched for guidelines published from 2001 to 2013. A total of 22 guidelines were retrieved, comprising systematic reviews, randomized control trials (RCTs), and expert opinions. Thirteen studies were meticulously selected for inclusion, based on criteria including reliability, validity, and applicability. Synthesis of the findings underscores the multifaceted nature of self-management interventions, which encompass hospital-based education, group discussions, individualized teaching, and telephonic follow-up. Crucially, these programs should address key facets such as asthma etiology, risk reduction, medication adherence, and regular exercise. Skill development in inhaler techniques, peak flow meter usage, and peak expiratory flow monitoring emerged as pivotal components, augmented by educational materials like videos and booklets. Furthermore, the study advocates for the incorporation of specific outcome measures, including self-management behaviors and hospital readmission rates, to gauge program effectiveness. Importantly, contextual adaptation and integration within clinical practices in Bangladesh are recommended, alongside rigorous evaluation through further research endeavors. This comprehensive review provides invaluable insights into optimizing asthma management through evidence-based self-management programs, thereby fostering improved patient outcomes and healthcare delivery.
Mominul Islam1, Prof. Dr. M. Khalaquzzaman, Mahfuza Khanam, Lupin Akter, Sima Khatun, Tanzina Islam, Bonani Roy
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(2) 29-35
https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v02i02.001
Background: The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is crucial in reducing the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. As frontline healthcare providers, nurses play a pivotal role in administering vaccines and educating patients about the importance of immunization. Understanding their knowledge and practices regarding EPI is essential for improving vaccination coverage and efficacy. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of nurses regarding the EPI in the Outpatient Department at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH). Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 14 to April 2015, involving n=50 nurses from the Outpatient Department at RMCH. A structured questionnaire collected data on demographics, knowledge, and practices related to EPI. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and percentages were calculated to describe the findings. Results: The majority of the nurses were female (74%), aged 40-50 years (40%), and married (84%). Most nurses had a Diploma in Nursing (44%) and had served for 11-20 years (44%). Regarding knowledge, 70% of the nurses correctly identified immunization as specific protection, while 74% understood herd immunity related to subclinical infection. In terms of practice, 88% of the nurses kept and maintained records related to patients, and 90
Iftear Kazim Rafi, Md Nahid Hasan, Rabia Akter Bijly
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(2) 36-40
https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v02i02.002
The plant Cinnamomum cassia is commonly known as Chinese cinnamon. Its leaves and bark are primarily used in medicine. When used in tiny doses, such as in meals and medications, C. cassia is safe. The entire plant has medicinal use in the traditional Indian medical system, especially in Ayurveda. Recent investigations have demonstrated the scientific justification for this particular herb's use in medicine. Among other things, cinnamon can be used to flavour creams, syrups, and flavoured wines. The applications, phytochemistry, and therapeutic effects of cinnamon as a spice and common uses are briefly discussed in this paper so that it may easily be understandable to know about this utile plant.
Sabbir Hossain
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(2) 41-44
https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v02i02.003
The frequency of infectious illness deaths has increased public awareness of the risks associated with it and advanced worldwide research on antibiotics. Conversely, greater demand and usage of antibiotics is the cause of elevated antibiotic levels in natural ecosystems. Natural selection and adaptation resulted in gene changes that gave rise to antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations. The proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes in ecosystems led to the creation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which in turn led to the widespread rise of several antibiotic-resistant illnesses. The mechanisms that lead to cross-resistance to many medications (multidrug resistance), which is comparable to what is frequently observed in patients, have been uncovered. More recently, it has been shown that downstream genes, which are closely related to cell-cycle checkpoints, also seem to have a direct role in defining a patient's susceptibility to cytotoxic medications by controlling the cell's reaction to the damage caused by the drug. This review article examines a number of findings pertaining to the movement, persistence, and destiny of antibiotics as well as genes that cause antibiotic resistance in natural settings.
Suma Rani Datta, Wimolrat Puwarawuttipanit, Orapan Thosingha, Md. Shahid Uddin
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(3) 45-52
https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v02i03.001
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Bangladesh. Educational programs have been developed to improve health indices among adult patients with MI, but their effectiveness remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to review the evidence on educational programs for adult MI patients and assess their impact on health indices. Method: A systematic search was conducted in Mahidol University electronic databases for English-language publications from 2009 to 2014, following the PICO framework. Studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and systematic reviews. Data on program delivery, content, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. Result: The review identified nine studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Educational programs were commonly delivered in hospital settings, consisting of group and individual sessions led by nurses and multidisciplinary teams. Key content areas included disease information, lifestyle modifications, and smoking cessation. Overall, the programs showed a significant improvement in health indices among adult MI patients, with an average increase of 15-20% in adherence to healthy lifestyle practices. Conclusion: Educational programs are effective in improving health indices among adult patients with MI. Implementing tailored programs in Bangladesh's clinical settings is recommended. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes and optimize program effectiveness.
Md. Shahid Uddin, Usavadee Asdornwised, Sarunya Koositamongkol, Suma Rani Datta
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(3) 53-60
https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v02i03.002
Background: Burn injuries, resulting from various sources such as heat, electricity, friction, or radiation, often require wound dressing, a process known to be a significant source of pain for patients. In managing this pain, non-pharmacological interventions, including relaxation techniques, have shown promise as adjuncts to pharmacological approaches. This study aimed to review current evidence on relaxation techniques for pain management during wound dressing of burn patients and provide recommendations based on the findings. Method: Using the PICO framework by Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt (2015), a systematic search was conducted across databases from 2001 to 2016, yielding six randomized controlled trials and two quasi-experimental studies. Results: The synthesis of evidence identified relaxation breathing, music-based imagery, and music alternate engagement as the most effective interventions for pain management during wound dressing of burn patients. These techniques were beneficial for mentally alert patients without visual or auditory impairment, covering 1% to 43% of the total body surface area. Conclusion: Nurses should assess patient readiness and use validated tools such as the visual analog scale to evaluate pain levels before, during, and after dressing changes. Based on the findings, a nursing practice guideline for pain management during wound dressing in adult burn patients is recommended for implementation in Bangladesh. Further research is needed to explore additional relaxation techniques and their efficacy in this context.
Md Aminul Islam Ripon, Asim Das, Anupam Sarker Avi
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(4) 61-65
https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v02i04.001
Worldwide, asthma places a heavy strain on people with the disease as well as healthcare systems. This load can take many different forms, such as decreased living quality, higher healthcare utilization, and significant financial consequences. It is essential to comprehend the complex nature of this burden in order to create solutions that are both successful and preventative for asthma. This article examines the various repercussions of asthma, including how it affects daily activities, productivity, and the availability of healthcare services. In order to lessen the difficulties that people with asthma and healthcare systems encounter, we hope to raise awareness of the complexity of the condition's burden and make it easier to adopt focused interventions. Moreover, asthma has a greater social cost that affects healthcare systems and productivity in society as a whole. It need an all-encompassing strategy that incorporates patient education, medical management, and public health activities to address this load.
Md Aktaruzzaman, Samiul Islam, Avijit Saha1, Arnab Halder
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(4) 66-71
https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v02i04.002
Vegetarian and vegan diets are becoming more and more popular as the benefits they offer to human health and the environment become more widely recognized. However, even while eating a vegetarian diet has been linked to a lower risk of mortality and chronic diseases, adherents to these diets may not receive enough nutrients, which may limit the positive effects on their health. The nutrients iron, calcium, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iodine, and selenium are the primary ones to be concerned about. Vitamin B12 supplementation is necessary for anyone adhering to a vegetarian or vegan diet. Adults should take one oral dose of 50–100 μg cyanocobalamin daily or two oral doses of 2000 μg weekly to prevent vitamin B12 insufficiency. Supplementing with iodine is advised for vegetarians and vegans who cannot obtain sea vegetables or meals fortified with iodine, as well as for expectant and nursing mothers. For adults, 150 μg of iodine supplements should be taken daily. It is crucial to comprehend the full range of consequences associated with a vegetarian diet, not just the nutritional ones. Studies in this field may help mitigate all variables that could discourage people from adopting a vegetarian diet or negatively affect the quality of life of those who already do so, in addition to providing more consistent data.
Tanzina Islam
iraetc j. nur. health care; 1(2) 59-61
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v01i02.005
Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) has become a vital aspect of nursing education, offering students a safe and controlled environment to develop and refine their clinical skills. This case report examines the implementation of SBL at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh, with a focus on its effectiveness in enhancing the clinical competency of nursing students. The study outlines the design and execution of the SBL sessions, as well as the outcomes observed in student performance. Findings indicate significant improvements in clinical decision-making, patient assessment, and overall preparedness for real-world clinical scenarios. The report also discusses challenges encountered during implementation and provides recommendations for optimizing SBL in similar educational settings. The successful integration of SBL at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital underscores its potential to transform nursing education in resource-limited environments.
Hankombo Wanda, Prof. M. Maimbolwa, Bwalya Munjili, Ms. Mutinke. Zulu
iraetc j. nur. health care; 2(5) 72-84
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62469/ijnhc.v02i05.001
Introduction: Neonatal health is a major concern globally and in Zambia, until lately there has been little effort to tackle the specific health problems of newborns and most of the deaths which are 24/1000 live births, remain unrecorded. Most of these deaths are caused by infections, prematurity, low birth weight, asphyxia, and birth trauma. Parents of a hospitalized neonate are anxious about their neonate’s condition and do not receive adequate emotional care during the time of hospitalization. They are also prone to lose their jobs, have no confidence in the parental roles and display shame as a social stigma of having an imperfect infant. Method: This study aimed at exploring the experiences of parents whose neonates have been admitted to the University Teaching Hospital, in Lusaka, Zambia. A qualitative approach was used. The study setting was The University Teaching Hospital, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Lusaka. The sample consisted of 4 male and 11 female biological parents to the neonates admitted to NICU. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed through thematic analysis and N-vivo version 10 software. And semi- structured observations of parents, neonates and health workers were conducted. Results: Caregivers of neonates in NICU do not communicate adequately to the parents of neonates in NICU. This lack of information about the condition of the child causes stress and anxiety in the parents because they are not allowed to have access to the hospital files of their own children. Parents lack emotional support from the caregivers because the caregivers would shout at them. Parents also complained about the bad attitude of the caregivers towards the mothers. Mothers that just had a Caesarian section are not provided with wheel chairs to move to the NICU to breast feed their neonates. Conclusion: Parents of neonates need emotional support and information about the child. Care givers must provide this information concerning the welfare of their own child. Policy makers should introduce day rooms for parents near the NICU to make it easy for the parents. The NICU supervisors should supervise the nurses on every shift to ensure that neonates and parents are cared for accordingly.